Adjective and Adverb Semester 1 oleh B. Dwi Puspitarini

Male and Female Vocabulary People and occupations Male Female actor actress air steward air stewardess barman barmaid boy girl boy scout girl guide bridegroom bride bus conductor bus conductress chairman chairwoman gentleman lady headmaster headmistress hero heroine host hostess husband wife king queen landlord landlady lord lady man woman monk nun prince princess steward stewardess waiter waitress widower widow Family Male Female father mother grandfather grandmother son daughter brother sister uncle aunt nephew niece

STRUCTURE

ADJECTIVE

Look these sentences:

The basic duties of Muslims toward God are known as the five pillars of Islam. They are the external signs of one’s adherence to the community and his desire to fulfill the will of God.

Big/tired/beautiful etc.

The position of adjectives:

1. Adjective   +   noun It’s a nice day today. There’s a very old mosque in this village. Do you like Indonesian food? You don’t speak any foreign languages. There are some beautiful green flowers in the garden.

   - adjective + noun (nice day / brown eyes etc.)

2. - be (am/is/are/was/were etc.)  +   adjective

	- The weather is nice today. - A : Can you close the window, please ? - B : Why ? Are you cold ? - The film wasn’t very good. It was boring. - Please be quiet. I’m boring.

 

3. -look/feel/smell/taste/sound + adjective

- You look tired. - You sound happy. - It smells good. - The food tastes delicious.

 

EXERCISE

I. Direction: The words in the box are adjective (black, etc) or nouns (person, etc.). Use an adjective and a noun to complete  each sentence!

air           dangerous        fresh             interesting    language       person serious    expensive        black             photograph   sharp             job clouds     foreign             hotels            knife             old                problem long        serious

 

1.      Jack doesn’t speak any foreign languages

2.      look at those ………………………………………………….

3.      She works very hard and she’s very tired. She needs a ……………

4.      I enjoy talking to her. She’s an ………………………….

5.      Fire-fighting is a ………………………………………..

6.      Can you open the window? We need some …………………………

7.      This is an ………………………. Of Tom – he looks very different now.

8.      I’ve got a ………………… I hope you can help me.

9.      I need a ……………………. To cut these onions

10.  They’ve got a lot of money – they always stay at ………………..

ADVERB

Look these sentences:

1.      The second pillar is shalat, or the daily ritual prayer

2.      Muslims pray five times each day, at dawn, at midday, in mid-afternoon, at sunset, and after nightfall, facing toward Mecca.

3.      Thousands of people go each year to Mecca for the pilgrimage; the majority also visits Medina to pray at the tomb of the Prophet.

Quickly and suddenly are adverbs.

Adjective + -ly --------- adverbs

Adjective          slow         bad             careful             heavy                day

Adverb             slowly     badly          carefully         heavily               daily

  Adverbs tell you how something happens or how somebody does something.

Compare:

 adjective                                             adverb

- Sue is very quiet.    But    Sue speaks very quietly. (not speaks  very quite)

- Be careful !                      Listen carefully! (not listen careful)

- It was a bad game.          Our team played badly.

	Exceptions: Fast     hard    late      early

 

These words are adjective and adverbs :

- Ben is a fast runner.                        - Ben can run fast. (not fastly)

- Her job is very hard.                        - He works very hard. (not hardly)

- The bus was late/early.                    - I went to bed late/early.

Good (adjective) -------- well (adverb) :

-Her English is very good.      - She speaks English very well.

  (not speaks English very good)

- It was a good game.             - Our team played well.

But well is also an adjective (=not ill, in good health)

- How are you ?  I’m very well, thank you. And you ?

Note :

The kinds of adverbs are:

1.      adverb of manner (slowly, seriously, carefully, lonely, hard, etc.),

2.      adverb of time (yesterday, tomorrow, last week, two days ago, etc.),

3.      adverbs of frequency (often, always, usually, never, ever, sometime, seldom),

4.      adverb of place (here, inside, behind, in front of, on the top of ….., Mecca),

5.      adverb of degree (very, rather, so …….).

 EXERCISES

I. Direction: Choose a verb + adverb from the box to complete these sentences.

Verb	+	adverb
Come   explain know  listen Sleep   think    win      work		carefully     clearly    easily    well  carefully     quickly    hard     well

1.      I’m going to say something very important, so please listen  to me carefully

2.      John! I need your help. ……………………..

3.      I’ve met him but I don’t  ………… him very ……..

4.      They …………………….. At the end of the day they’re always tired.

5.      I’m tired this morning. I don’t ……………… last night.

6.      You’re much better tennis player than me. When we play, you always ………..

7.      ………………. Before you answer the question.

8.      Our teacher isn’t very good. He doesn’t …… Things very ………..

C. WRITING

I. Direction: Complete the sentences by using the adjectives available below!

important         dangerous      simple              easy                 necessary true                   hard               sensible            convenient       unnecessary   possible         unusual

1. Before you cross the road, it is ............ to look both sides.

2. It is .............. to make a hotel reservation before you go to Bali.

3. It is .............. to take your shoes off before you go into a mosque.

4. To walk alone at night is ....................

5. It is .............. to leave a tip in restaurants in Indonesia.

6. To use a small home personal computer (PC) is .......... even young children can use them.

7. It is ............. to make calculations very quickly using a computer.

8. It is ............. that 20th century technology has changed our lives.

9. Learning English is ......... when you live in English Speaking Country.

10. It is ............... to program a computer until you learn how to do it.

II. Direction : Write complete sentences  By Using the adverbs available below!

1. secretly: ....................................................................

2. monthly : ..................................................................

3. seriously : ................................................................

4. at ten o’clock : ...........................................................

5. in the factory : .........................................................